function validateEmpty(fld, label) {
    var error = "";
 
    if (fld.value.length == 0) {
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow'; 
        error = label + " is a Required Field.\n\n";
    } else {
        fld.style.background = 'White';
    }
    return error;  
}
function validateUsername(fld) {
    var error = "";
    var illegalChars = /\W/; // allow letters, numbers, and underscores
 
    if (fld.value == "") {
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow'; 
        error = "Username is a Required Field.\n";
    } else if ((fld.value.length < 5) || (fld.value.length > 15)) {
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow'; 
        error = "The Username must be between 5 and 15 characters.\n\n";
    } else if (illegalChars.test(fld.value)) {
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow'; 
        error = "The Username contains illegal characters.\nPlease only use letters, numbers, and underscores. \n\n";
    } else {
        fld.style.background = 'White';
    }
    return error;
}
function validatePassword(fld) {
    var error = "";
    var illegalChars = /[\W_]/; // allow only letters and numbers 
 
    if (fld.value == "") {
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow';
        error = "Password is a Required Field.\n\n";
    } else if ((fld.value.length < 7) || (fld.value.length > 15)) {
        error = "The Password must be between 7 and 15 characters. \n\n";
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow';
    } else if (illegalChars.test(fld.value)) {
        error = "The Username contains illegal characters.\nPlease only use letters, numbers, and underscores.\n\n";
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow';
    } else if (!((fld.value.search(/(a-z)+/)) && (fld.value.search(/(0-9)+/)))) {
        error = "The Password must contain at least one numeral.\n\n";
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow';
    } else {
        fld.style.background = 'White';
    }
   return error;
}  
function trim(s)
{
  return s.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/, '');
}
function validateEmail(fld) {
    var error="";
    var tfld = trim(fld.value);                        // value of field with whitespace trimmed off
    var emailFilter = /^[^@]+@[^@.]+\.[^@]*\w\w$/ ;
    var illegalChars= /[\(\)\<\>\,\;\:\\\"\[\]]/ ;
   
    if (fld.value == "") {
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow';
        error = "Email Address is a Required Field.\n\n";

    } else if (!emailFilter.test(tfld)) {              //test email for illegal characters
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow';
        error = "Please enter a valid Email Address.\n\n";

    } else if (fld.value.match(illegalChars)) {
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow';
        error = "The Email Address contains illegal characters.\n\n";
    } else {
        fld.style.background = 'White';
    }
    return error;
}
function validatePhone(fld) {
    var error = "";
    var stripped = fld.value.replace(/[\(\)\.\-\ ]/g, '');    

   if (fld.value == "") {
        error = "Phone Number is a Required Field.\n\n";
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow';
    } else if (isNaN(parseInt(stripped))) {
        error = "The Phone Number contains illegal characters.\n\n";
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow';
    } else if (!(stripped.length == 10)) {
        error = "The Phone Number is the wrong length. Please make sure you include an area code.\n\n";
        fld.style.background = 'Yellow';
    }
    return error;
}

// integrate these functions as well

// Radio Buttons
function checkRadio(radiosvalue, label) {
	var error = "";
	   if (!(radiosvalue)) {
		   error = label + " is a Required Field.\n\n";
		}
	return error;    
}

// checkboxes
function checkCheckboxes(checkboxvalue, label) {
	var error = "";
	   if (!(checkboxvalue)) {
		   error = label + " is a Required Field.\n\n";
		}
	return error;    
}

// checkbox
function checkCheckbox(fld, label) {
	var error = "";
	   if (!fld.checked) {
		   error = label + " is a Required Field.\n\n";
		}
	return error;    
}

// valid selector from dropdown list

function checkDropdown(choice, label) {
	var error = "";
		if (choice == 0) {
			   error = label + " is a Required Field.\n\n";
		}    
	return error;
}  

// valid textarea

function checkTextarea(fld, label) {
	var error = "";
		if (fld == "") {
			   error = label + " is a Required Field.\n\n";
		}    
	return error;
}